Insurance Disputes Laws in Ohio.

First-party bad faith requires showing that the insurer lacked a reasonable justification for denying the claim. Plaintiff may recover consequential damages beyond policy limits, plus punitive damages for particularly egregious conduct.

Insurer's failure to settle a third-party claim within policy limits when excess judgment is reasonably probable supports bad-faith claim by the insured.

Enumerates unfair claim settlement practices. Enforcement through Ohio Department of Insurance; no private cause of action under UCSPA alone.

UM/UIM coverage is OPTIONAL in Ohio — not mandatory. Insurers must offer the coverage in writing; insured may reject in writing.