Social Security Disability attorneys by state.

What's the difference between SSDI and SSI?

SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance) is based on your work history — you need enough work credits from paying Social Security taxes. SSI (Supplemental Security Income) is need-based — it's for people with limited income and resources regardless of work history. The medical standard for disability is the same for both. Some people qualify for both programs simultaneously.

How long does the disability process take?

Initial applications typically take 3-6 months. If denied (which is common), reconsideration takes another 3-6 months. If denied again, a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge can take 12-18 months or longer depending on your area. The entire process from application to hearing can take 2+ years. An attorney can't speed up the system, but can help you avoid mistakes that cause additional delays.

My disability claim was denied. Should I appeal or file a new application?

Almost always appeal. Filing a new application means starting over and potentially losing months or years of back pay. Each appeal level gives you another chance to win — and the hearing level (before an ALJ) is where the most denials are overturned. You typically have 60 days to file an appeal after a denial.

What conditions qualify for Social Security disability?

There's no specific list of qualifying conditions. The standard is whether your medical conditions prevent you from performing substantial gainful activity (SGA). The SSA considers physical conditions, mental health conditions, and combinations of conditions. Common qualifying conditions include musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular conditions, neurological conditions, mental health disorders, and autoimmune diseases — but any condition that is severe enough can qualify.

Can I work while applying for disability?

You can work, but your earnings must stay below the SGA threshold (which changes annually — it was $1,550/month for non-blind individuals in 2024). Earning above SGA generally disqualifies you from benefits. However, there are trial work periods and other provisions for SSDI recipients who want to test their ability to work. An attorney can advise on how work activity affects your specific claim.

What happens at a disability hearing?

You'll appear before an Administrative Law Judge (usually in person or by video), who will ask about your conditions, daily activities, and work history. A vocational expert may testify about what jobs exist for someone with your limitations. Your attorney presents medical evidence, questions witnesses, and argues your case. Hearings typically last 30-60 minutes.

How far back can I receive disability benefits?

SSDI benefits can be paid up to 12 months before your application date if you were disabled during that time (there's also a 5-month waiting period). SSI benefits begin from the application date — they cannot be paid retroactively. This is one reason why applying promptly and not missing appeal deadlines matters so much.

Do I need a lawyer for Social Security disability?

You can represent yourself, but many claimants choose to work with an attorney, especially at the hearing level. Disability attorney fees are capped by law in many cases, and fee arrangements vary, so ask how fees and consultations are handled before you move forward.