Insurance Disputes Laws in New York.

Prohibits specified unfair claim settlement practices. Enforcement through DFS; NO private cause of action for violation alone (plaintiffs must rely on breach of contract and common-law bad faith).

Insured may recover consequential damages (beyond policy limits) for insurer's breach of good faith if damages were within reasonable contemplation at contract formation. NOT traditional bad-faith punitive damages.

All NY auto policies include Personal Injury Protection (PIP) covering basic medical, lost wages, and other economic losses up to $50,000 regardless of fault.

To sue for pain and suffering in auto cases, plaintiff must establish a "serious injury" — defined as death, dismemberment, significant disfigurement, fracture, loss of fetus, permanent loss of use of body organ/member/function/system, permanent consequential limitation, significant limitation, or 90/180 days of substantially all customary daily activities.

New York requires Supplementary Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist (SUM) coverage available; coverage requires excess SUM endorsement.