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New York law

Long-Term Disability & ERISA Laws in New York.

Most private long-term disability (LTD) insurance is employer-sponsored and governed by ERISA, which preempts state contract and bad-faith claims. ERISA claims must exhaust internal appeals and are reviewed under a deferential standard if the plan grants discretion. Individual (non-ERISA) policies are governed by New York contract law and may support consequential damages under Bi-Economy. New York provides statutory Short-Term Disability Insurance (Disability Benefits Law) for most private-sector employees — 50% of weekly wages up to $170/week for up to 26 weeks.

Last verified: 2026-04-17

State law

Key New York Statutes

ERISA Preemption29 U.S.C. § 1144

ERISA preempts state-law breach of contract and bad-faith claims for employer-sponsored LTD plans.

Individual Policy Consequential DamagesBi-Economy Market v. Harleysville Ins., 10 N.Y.3d 187 (2008)

For non-ERISA individual LTD policies, New York permits consequential damages beyond policy limits for insurer's breach of good faith — narrow standard requiring reasonable contemplation at contract formation.

Standard of Review (ERISA)Firestone v. Bruch, 489 U.S. 101 (1989)

De novo unless the plan grants discretion; then abuse-of-discretion applies.

New York Short-Term Disability InsuranceN.Y. Work. Comp. Law Article 9 (Disability Benefits Law)

Mandatory short-term disability benefits for most private-sector NY employees. Pays 50% of average weekly wage up to $170/week for up to 26 weeks. Paid Family Leave (separate) provides up to 12 weeks at 67% of wages up to annual cap.

State law

Official Sources

Not Legal Advice

This page summarizes publicly available statutes and rules for informational purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice, and no attorney-client relationship is created by viewing this content. Laws change — always verify with the primary source or consult a licensed attorney in New York.

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